---
title: At first the king was so surprised and frightened that he could only… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: At first the king was so surprised and frightened that he could only stare; but the fakeer beckoned to him to come down, so, mustering up his courage, he boldly stepped down into the grave. Who acts: king. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 3, with its dependency tre
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 3, sentence 37

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At first the king was so surprised and frightened that he could only stare; but the fakeer beckoned to him to come down, so, mustering up his courage, he boldly stepped down into the grave.

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**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** be, frighten, stare, beckon, come down, muster up · **To what, where:** fakeer, King, courage, grave

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:3:37
# text = At first the king was so surprised and frightened that he could only stare; but the fakeer beckoned to him to come down, so, mustering up his courage, he boldly stepped down into the grave.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	stare	stare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	fakeer	fakeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
19	beckoned	beckon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
24	down	down	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	so	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	mustering	muster	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
29	up	up	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
34	boldly	boldly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	35	advmod	_	_
35	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
36	down	down	ADP	RP	_	35	compound:prt	_	_
37	into	into	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the king |  |  |  |  | the fakeer *obl*; surprised *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **frighten** | past | the king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **stare** | could | King |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **beckon** | participle |  | the fakeer *not said here* | King |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 5 | **come down** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **muster up** | gerund | the king *not said here* | King's courage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **step down** | past | King |  |  | the grave |  | boldly *property* | vn resign-10.11 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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