---
title: And stooping down, unseen by Isuro, who was in front of him, Gudu pi… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And stooping down, unseen by Isuro, who was in front of him, Gudu picked up a big stone, and threw it into the water with a loud splash. Who acts: Isuro, Gudu. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 3, sentence 78

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And stooping down, unseen by Isuro, who was in front of him, Gudu picked up a big stone, and threw it into the water with a loud splash.

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**Who acts:** Isuro, Gudu · **What happens:** stoop down, be, pick up, throw · **To what, where:** front, big stone, stone, water

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Isuro, Gudu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:3:78
# text = And stooping down, unseen by Isuro, who was in front of him, Gudu picked up a big stone, and threw it into the water with a loud splash.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	stooping	stoop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	unseen	unseen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Isuro	Isuro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	Gudu	Gudu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	splash	splash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stoop down** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | down, unseen *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | Isuro |  |  | front |  | of Isuro | tree rules |
| 3 | **pick up** | past | Gudu | a big stone |  |  |  | by Isuro | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Topic |
| 4 | **throw** | past | Gudu *not said here* | stone |  |  |  | into the water *result*; with a loud splash | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer it=Theme into water=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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