---
title: 'Faithless one, you have betrayed your trust!' he said to Ardan son… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Faithless one, you have betrayed your trust!' he said to Ardan son of Gorla. ' Who acts: man, your. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 30, sentence 31

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'Faithless one, you have betrayed your trust!' he said to Ardan son of Gorla. '

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**Who acts:** man, your · **What happens:** betray, say, trust · **To what, where:** Faithless one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:30:31
# text = 'Faithless one, you have betrayed your trust!' he said to Ardan son of Gorla. '
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	ccomp	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	Ardan	Ardan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Gorla	Gorla	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **betray** | present · perfect · passive |  | Faithless one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | man |  |  |  |  | to Ardan son of Gorla | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to son=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 3 | **trust** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom trust «possession intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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