---
title: While he was thus waiting there ran up to him a youth, scarcely able… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: While he was thus waiting there ran up to him a youth, scarcely able to speak so swiftly had he sped; and he cried aloud: Who acts: heart. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 30, sentence 68

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While he was thus waiting there ran up to him a youth, scarcely able to speak so swiftly had he sped; and he cried aloud:

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**Who acts:** heart · **What happens:** wait, run up, speak, speed, cry · **To what, where:** youth, heart · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:30:68
# text = While he was thus waiting there ran up to him a youth, scarcely able to speak so swiftly had he sped; and he cried aloud:
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	nsubj	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
7	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
19	swiftly	swiftly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	sped	speed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
27	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past · progressive | heart |  |  | there |  | thus *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **run up** | past |  | a youth | heart |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to he=Result |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **speed** | past · perfect | heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | heart |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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