--- title: There were rows upon rows of fine beasts with their names written in… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: There were rows upon rows of fine beasts with their names written in gold above their stalls, and Jose was looking uncertainly from one to the other, wondering which he should choose, when an old white horse turned its head and signed to him to approach. Who acts: rows, Jose, old white horse. A sent --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/31/119/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Orange Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/) / [Opening, part 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/31/) / 119 # The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 31, sentence 119 There were rows upon rows of fine beasts with their names written in gold above their stalls, and Jose was looking uncertainly from one to the other, wondering which he should choose, when an old white horse turned its head and signed to him to approach. **Who acts:** rows, Jose, old white horse · **What happens:** be, write, look, wonder, choose, turn · **To what, where:** names, gold, one, head, Jose · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rows, Jose, old white horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg3027:31:119 # text = There were rows upon rows of fine beasts with their names written in gold above their stalls, and Jose was looking uncertainly from one to the other, wondering which he should choose, when an old white horse turned its head and signed to him to approach. 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 rows row NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 4 upon upon ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 rows row NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 fine fine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 beasts beast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 names name NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 12 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 acl _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 above above ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 stalls stall NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 20 Jose Jose PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 21 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 looking look VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 23 uncertainly uncertainly ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 24 from from ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 22 obj _ _ 26 to to ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 wondering wonder VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 conj _ _ 31 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 nsubj _ _ 32 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 33 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 choose choose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 36 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 41 advmod _ _ 37 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 38 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 39 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 41 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 parataxis _ _ 42 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ _ 43 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 signed sign VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 conj _ _ 46 to to ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 obl _ _ 48 to to PART TO _ 49 mark _ _ 49 approach approach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | rows upon rows of fine beasts with rows's names | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **write** | participle | | rows's names *not said here* | | gold | | above rows's stalls | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in gold=Destination | | 3 | **look** | past · progressive | Jose | one | | | | to the other | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme one=Attribute | | 4 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | gerund | Jose *not said here* | | | | | | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 5 | **choose** | should | | | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **turn** | past | a old white horse | horse's head | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Theme | | 7 | **sign** | past | a old white horse *not said here* | | Jose | | | | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | | 8 | **approach** | to-infinitive | a old white horse *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **name** | | rows *= row* | | | | | | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 118](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/31/118/) - next →: [sentence 120](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/31/120/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/31/)