---
title: The elder, who was always ready to help everyone spoke to the king o… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The elder, who was always ready to help everyone spoke to the king on his behalf, and the next day the young man took up is work at court. Who acts: everyone, young man, elder. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 31, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 31, sentence 99

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The elder, who was always ready to help everyone spoke to the king on his behalf, and the next day the young man took up is work at court.

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**Who acts:** everyone, young man, elder · **What happens:** be, help, speak, take up · **To what, where:** behalf, next day, day work, court · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (everyone, young man, elder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:31:99
# text = The elder, who was always ready to help everyone spoke to the king on his behalf, and the next day the young man took up is work at court.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	elder	elder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
7	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	11	nsubj	_	_
11	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	behalf	behalf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
27	up	up	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | always, ready *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | everyone |  |  | king's behalf |  | to the king | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to king=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **take up** | past | the young man | the next day *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent day=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | present | the elder | day work |  | court |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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