---
title: In return, the birds taught them many things: how to get up early in… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: In return, the birds taught them many things: how to get up early in the morning, how to sing, and how to talk their language, which very few people know. Who acts: birds, few people. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 32, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 32, sentence 104

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In return, the birds taught them many things: how to get up early in the morning, how to sing, and how to talk their language, which very few people know.

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**Who acts:** birds, few people · **What happens:** teach, get up, sing, talk, know · **To what, where:** many things, boy, return, language

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 32. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, few people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Checked tree.** This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (`gutenberg:pg3027:2081`): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:32:104
# text = In return, the birds taught them many things: how to get up early in the morning, how to sing, and how to talk their language, which very few people know.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	appos	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	27	advmod	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	obj	_	_
32	very	very	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
35	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the birds | many things | boy | return |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient thing=Topic |
| 2 | **get up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | morning | early *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **talk** | to-infinitive |  | boy's language |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent language=Patient |
| 5 | **know** | present | few people | boy's language |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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