---
title: Ah," said he, "the only person who can expose the wickedness of the… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Ah," said he, "the only person who can expose the wickedness of the ministers and show the king how wrong he has been, is the Bird of Truth, who can speak the language of men." Who acts: cuckoo, only person, Bird. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 33, with its depen
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 33, sentence 32

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ah," said he, "the only person who can expose the wickedness of the ministers and show the king how wrong he has been, is the Bird of Truth, who can speak the language of men."

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cuckoo, only person, Bird · **What happens:** say, expose, show, be, speak · **To what, where:** wickedness, king, Bird, language · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 33. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cuckoo, only person, Bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:33:32
# text = Ah," said he, "the only person who can expose the wickedness of the ministers and show the king how wrong he has been, is the Bird of Truth, who can speak the language of men."
1	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	expose	expose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wickedness	wickedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	ministers	minister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
24	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	ccomp	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	Bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	parataxis	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Truth	Truth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
36	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	parataxis	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | cuckoo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **expose** | can | the only person | the wickedness of the ministers |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot wickedness=Topic |
| 3 | **show** | present | the only person *not said here* |  | the king |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent king=Recipient |
| 4 | **is** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present |  | the Bird |  |  |  | of Truth | tree rules |
| 6 | **speak** *speech: other* | can | the Bird | the language of men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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