---
title: One morning, when winter was coming on, the youth and his companions… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: One morning, when winter was coming on, the youth and his companions set off as usual to bring back some of the mountain goats and deer to be salted down, as he was afraid of a snow-storm; and if the wind blew and the snow drifted the forest might be impassable for some weeks. Who acts: winter, yout
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 34, sentence 87

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One morning, when winter was coming on, the youth and his companions set off as usual to bring back some of the mountain goats and deer to be salted down, as he was afraid of a snow-storm; and if the wind blew and the snow drifted the forest might be impassable for some weeks.

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**Who acts:** winter, youth, man, wind, snow, forest · **What happens:** come on, set off, bring back, salt down, be, blow · **To what, where:** some

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (winter, youth, man, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:34:87
# text = One morning, when winter was coming on, the youth and his companions set off as usual to bring back some of the mountain goats and deer to be salted down, as he was afraid of a snow-storm; and if the wind blew and the snow drifted the forest might be impassable for some weeks.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
21	back	back	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	salted	salt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	advcl	_	_
32	down	down	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
37	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	advcl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
40	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
45	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nsubj	_	_
48	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nsubj	_	_
52	drifted	drift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	conj	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nsubj	_	_
55	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
56	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	57	cop	_	_
57	impassable	impassable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	ccomp	_	_
58	for	for	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	60	det	_	_
60	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come on** | past · progressive | winter |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **set off** | past | the youth and man's companions |  |  |  | morning | as usual | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bring back** | to-infinitive | the youth and man's companions *not said here* | some |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent some=Theme |
| 4 | **salt down** | to-infinitive · passive | the youth and man's companions *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination» |
| 5 | **is** | past | man |  |  |  |  | of a snow storm; afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **blow** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | the wind |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **drift** | past | the snow |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **is** | might | the forest |  |  |  | week | impassable *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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