---
title: 'O Gudu!' he cried, laughing aloud, 'it is you who have taught me to… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: 'O Gudu!' he cried, laughing aloud, 'it is you who have taught me to be clever.' Who acts: Gudu, baboon, you. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3027/4/12/)

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 4, sentence 12

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'O Gudu!' he cried, laughing aloud, 'it is you who have taught me to be clever.'

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**Who acts:** Gudu, baboon, you · **What happens:** cry, laugh, be, teach · **To what, where:** you, me

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gudu, baboon, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:4:12
# text = 'O Gudu!' he cried, laughing aloud, 'it is you who have taught me to be clever.'
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	O	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	3	case	_	_
3	Gudu	Gudu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	advcl	_	_
10	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
19	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	iobj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	cop	_	_
22	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Gudu |  |  |  |  | of Gudu | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **laugh** | gerund | Gudu *not said here* |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | baboon | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **teach** *speech: other* | present · perfect · passive |  | you | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient i=Topic |
| 5 | **is** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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