---
title: It was still quite dark when Isuro heard his name called very softly… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: It was still quite dark when Isuro heard his name called very softly, and, on opening his eyes, beheld Gudu standing by him. Who acts: baboon, Isuro, Gudu. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 4, sentence 14

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It was still quite dark when Isuro heard his name called very softly, and, on opening his eyes, beheld Gudu standing by him.

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**Who acts:** baboon, Isuro, Gudu · **What happens:** be, hear, call, open, behold, stand · **To what, where:** name, eyes, Gudu · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (baboon, Isuro, Gudu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:4:14
# text = It was still quite dark when Isuro heard his name called very softly, and, on opening his eyes, beheld Gudu standing by him.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	Isuro	Isuro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	opening	open	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
22	beheld	behold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
23	Gudu	Gudu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | baboon |  |  |  | still | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | past | Isuro | Gudu's name |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer name=Stimulus |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | Gudu's name *not said here* |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **open** | gerund |  | Gudu's eyes |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location eye=Theme |
| 5 | **behold** | participle | baboon *not said here* | Gudu |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gudu=Stimulus |
| 6 | **stand** | gerund | baboon *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by Gudu | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by he=Location |
| 7 | **name** |  | Gudu |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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