---
title: If Gudu had only known, Isuro was asleep all the time; but this he n… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: If Gudu had only known, Isuro was asleep all the time; but this he never guessed, and by-and- bye he grew so tired with watching that he went to sleep himself. Who acts: Isuro, this, Gudu. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 4, sentence 25

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If Gudu had only known, Isuro was asleep all the time; but this he never guessed, and by-and- bye he grew so tired with watching that he went to sleep himself.

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**Who acts:** Isuro, this, Gudu · **What happens:** know, be, not guess, grow, watch, go · **To what, where:** Gudu

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Isuro, this, Gudu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:4:25
# text = If Gudu had only known, Isuro was asleep all the time; but this he never guessed, and by-and- bye he grew so tired with watching that he went to sleep himself.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	Gudu	Gudu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	Isuro	Isuro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
10	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	nsubj	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	guessed	guess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	_
25	bye	bye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
28	so	so	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	xcomp	_	_
30	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
31	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
32	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	xcomp	_	_
37	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past · perfect · passive |  | Gudu |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | Isuro |  |  |  | time | asleep *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **guess** | past | this |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **grow** | past | Gudu |  |  |  |  | by bye; tired *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by bye=Location |
| 5 | **watch** | gerund | Gudu *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **go** | past | Gudu |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | Gudu *not said here* | Gudu |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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