---
title: The villagers were quiet, hard-working folk, who toiled in the field… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The villagers were quiet, hard-working folk, who toiled in the fields all day, and in the evening set out for home when the bell began to ring in the little church. Who acts: villagers, folk, bell. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 6, sentence 47

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villagers were quiet, hard-working folk, who toiled in the fields all day, and in the evening set out for home when the bell began to ring in the little church.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** villagers, folk, bell · **What happens:** be, work, toil, set out, begin, ring · **To what, where:** folk, fields, little church

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (villagers, folk, bell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:6:47
# text = The villagers were quiet, hard-working folk, who toiled in the fields all day, and in the evening set out for home when the bell began to ring in the little church.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villagers	villager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
9	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	toiled	toil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
23	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
24	out	out	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
30	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	ring	ring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the villagers |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | gerund |  | folk |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent folk=Material |
| 3 | **toil** | past | folk |  |  | the fields | day |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in field=Trajectory |
| 4 | **set out** | participle | the villagers *not said here* |  |  |  | evening | for home | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **begin** | past | the bell |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **ring** | to-infinitive | the bell *not said here* |  |  | the little church |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in church=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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