---
title: In the summer mornings they led out their flocks to pasture, and wer… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: In the summer mornings they led out their flocks to pasture, and were happy and contented from sunrise to sunset. Who acts: villagers. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 6, sentence 48

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In the summer mornings they led out their flocks to pasture, and were happy and contented from sunrise to sunset.

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**Who acts:** villagers · **What happens:** lead out, pasture, be, content · **To what, where:** flocks

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (villagers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:6:48
# text = In the summer mornings they led out their flocks to pasture, and were happy and contented from sunrise to sunset.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	mornings	morning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	pasture	pasture	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	contented	content	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	sunrise	sunrise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead out** | past | villagers *= villager* | villagers's flocks |  |  | morning |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |
| 2 | **pasture** | to-infinitive | villagers *= villager* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **content** | participle |  |  |  |  | sunrise |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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