---
title: Besides, he knew how to sail about, and sing songs to the harp, and… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Besides, he knew how to sail about, and sing songs to the harp, and during the winter evenings, when everyone was gathered round the huge hall fire shaping bows or weaving cloth, Ian Direach would tell them tales of the deeds of his fathers. Who acts: boy, huge hall fire, Ian, deeds. A sentence of «
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 7, sentence 24

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Besides, he knew how to sail about, and sing songs to the harp, and during the winter evenings, when everyone was gathered round the huge hall fire shaping bows or weaving cloth, Ian Direach would tell them tales of the deeds of his fathers.

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**Who acts:** boy, huge hall fire, Ian, deeds · **What happens:** know, sail, sing, gather, shape, weave · **To what, where:** songs, harp, everyone, bows, cloth, tales · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, huge hall fire, Ian, deeds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:7:24
# text = Besides, he knew how to sail about, and sing songs to the harp, and during the winter evenings, when everyone was gathered round the huge hall fire shaping bows or weaving cloth, Ian Direach would tell them tales of the deeds of his fathers.
1	Besides	besides	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sail	sail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	harp	harp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
18	during	during	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	evenings	evening	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	26	advmod	_	_
24	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	26	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	conj	_	_
27	round	round	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
29	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
32	shaping	shape	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	31	acl	_	_
33	bows	bow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	weaving	weave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	conj	_	_
36	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
38	Ian	Ian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
39	Direach	Direach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	flat	_	_
40	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
42	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	iobj	_	_
43	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	deeds	deed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
49	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sail** | to-infinitive | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | present |  | songs | the harp |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent song=Topic to harp=Recipient |
| 4 | **gather** | past · passive |  | everyone |  |  |  | round the huge hall fire | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **shape** | gerund | the huge hall fire *not said here* | bows |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bow=Product |
| 6 | **weave** | gerund | the huge hall fire *not said here* | cloth |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloth=Product |
| 7 | **tell** *speech: assert* | would | Ian | tales of the deeds of boy's fathers | bows *= bow* |  | evening |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient tale=Topic |
| 8 | **tell** |  | the deeds of boy's fathers |  |  |  |  |  | nom tale «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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