---
title: Ian Direach hearkened to the words of Gille Mairtean, and his stepmo… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Ian Direach hearkened to the words of Gille Mairtean, and his stepmother fell as a bundle of sticks before him; and he set fire to her, and was free from her spells for ever. Who acts: Ian, stepmother. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree an
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 8, sentence 52

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Ian Direach hearkened to the words of Gille Mairtean, and his stepmother fell as a bundle of sticks before him; and he set fire to her, and was free from her spells for ever.

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**Who acts:** Ian, stepmother · **What happens:** hearken, fall, set, be, word, spell · **To what, where:** fire, stepmother, spells, Gille

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ian, stepmother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:8:52
# text = Ian Direach hearkened to the words of Gille Mairtean, and his stepmother fell as a bundle of sticks before him; and he set fire to her, and was free from her spells for ever.
1	Ian	Ian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Direach	Direach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	hearkened	hearken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Gille	Gille	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	Mairtean	Mairtean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	stepmother	stepmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bundle	bundle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	before	before	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
33	from	from	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	spells	spell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
36	for	for	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hearken** | past | Ian |  |  |  |  | to the words of Gille | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | past | Ian's stepmother |  |  |  |  | as a bundle of sticks before Ian | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **set** | past | Ian | fire | stepmother |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient fire=Result |
| 4 | **is** | past |  |  |  | stepmother's spells |  | free *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **word** |  |  | Gille |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **spell** |  | stepmother |  |  |  |  |  | nom spell «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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