---
title: And Ian Direach knew that all this he owed to Gille Mairtean the fox… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And Ian Direach knew that all this he owed to Gille Mairtean the fox, and he made a compact with him that he might choose any beast out of his herds, whenever hunger seized him, and that henceforth no arrow should be let fly at him or at any of his race. Who acts: Ian, hunger, that. A sentence of «T
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 8, sentence 55

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Ian Direach knew that all this he owed to Gille Mairtean the fox, and he made a compact with him that he might choose any beast out of his herds, whenever hunger seized him, and that henceforth no arrow should be let fly at him or at any of his race.

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**Who acts:** Ian, hunger, that · **What happens:** know, owe, make, choose, seize, let · **To what, where:** this, Gille, compact, beast, herds, Ian

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ian, hunger, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:8:55
# text = And Ian Direach knew that all this he owed to Gille Mairtean the fox, and he made a compact with him that he might choose any beast out of his herds, whenever hunger seized him, and that henceforth no arrow should be let fly at him or at any of his race.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	Ian	Ian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Direach	Direach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
7	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	owed	owe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Gille	Gille	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	Mairtean	Mairtean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	compact	compact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
27	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	28	det	_	_
28	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	out	out	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	36	advmod	_	_
35	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
36	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
37	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
40	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	46	nsubj:pass	_	_
41	henceforth	henceforth	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
42	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	43	det	_	_
43	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
45	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	aux:pass	_	_
46	let	let	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
47	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	xcomp	_	_
48	at	at	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	obl	_	_
50	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
51	at	at	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	49	conj	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
55	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | Ian | this |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 2 | **owe** | past | Ian |  | Gille |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to gille=Goal |
| 3 | **make** | past | Ian | a compact |  |  |  | with Gille | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent compact=Product |
| 4 | **choose** | might | Ian | any beast |  | Ian's herds |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beast=Theme |
| 5 | **seize** | past | hunger | Ian |  |  |  | whenever *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 6 | **let** | should · passive |  | that |  |  |  | henceforth *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **fly** | infinitive | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at Ian | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at he=Location |
| 8 | **race** |  | Ian |  |  |  |  |  | nom race «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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