---
title: The duckling would have liked to say good- bye, and thank them for t… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The duckling would have liked to say good- bye, and thank them for their kindness, as he was polite by nature; but they had both turned their backs on him, so he went out of the rickety door feeling rather sad. Who acts: fellow, places. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, 
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 9, sentence 78

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The duckling would have liked to say good- bye, and thank them for their kindness, as he was polite by nature; but they had both turned their backs on him, so he went out of the rickety door feeling rather sad.

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**Who acts:** fellow, places · **What happens:** like, say, thank, be, turn, go out · **To what, where:** duckling, good, places, backs, rickety door · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fellow, places), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:9:78
# text = The duckling would have liked to say good- bye, and thank them for their kindness, as he was polite by nature; but they had both turned their backs on him, so he went out of the rickety door feeling rather sad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	duckling	duckling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	liked	like	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	_
10	bye	bye	INTJ	UH	_	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	both	both	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	backs	back	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	so	so	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
39	out	out	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	rickety	rickety	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
44	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	38	advcl	_	_
45	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
46	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | would · perfect · passive |  | the duckling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | good |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent good=Theme bye=Manner |
| 3 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | places *= place* |  |  | for places's kindness | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent they=Theme for kindness=Attribute |
| 4 | **is** | past | fellow |  |  |  |  | by nature; polite *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **turn** | past · perfect | places *= place* | places's backs |  |  |  | on fellow; both *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent back=Theme |
| 6 | **go out** | past | fellow | the rickety door |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **feel** | gerund | fellow *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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