---
title: And every morning it grew colder and colder, and the duckling had ha… — The Orange Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And every morning it grew colder and colder, and the duckling had hard work to keep himself warm. Who acts: bottom, duckling, hard work. A sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Orange Fairy Book, Opening, part 9, sentence 88

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And every morning it grew colder and colder, and the duckling had hard work to keep himself warm.

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**Who acts:** bottom, duckling, hard work · **What happens:** grow, have, keep · **To what, where:** hard work, neck

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This is a sentence of «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bottom, duckling, hard work), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3027:9:88
# text = And every morning it grew colder and colder, and the duckling had hard work to keep himself warm.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	duckling	duckling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
18	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obj	_	_
19	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | bottom |  |  |  | morning | cold *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | the duckling | hard work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | to-infinitive | hard work *not said here* | neck |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Orange Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3027 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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