---
title: And, taking his friend by the arm, he led him into a shop where he b… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And, taking his friend by the arm, he led him into a shop where he bought a huge lump of solid iron, so big that they could hardly lift it between them. Who acts: Rosald, friends. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 12, sentence 120

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And, taking his friend by the arm, he led him into a shop where he bought a huge lump of solid iron, so big that they could hardly lift it between them.

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**Who acts:** Rosald, friends · **What happens:** take, lead, buy, lift · **To what, where:** friend, Geirald, shop, huge lump, lump

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This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rosald, friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:12:120
# text = And, taking his friend by the arm, he led him into a shop where he bought a huge lump of solid iron, so big that they could hardly lift it between them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
29	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
30	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
31	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	advcl	_	_
33	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	between	between	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund |  |  | Rosald's friend |  |  | by the arm | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument friend=Destination |
| 2 | **lead** | past | Rosald | Geirald |  | a shop |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into shop=Destination |
| 3 | **buy** | past | Rosald | a huge lump of solid iron |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lump=Theme |
| 4 | **lift** | could | friends *= friend* | lump |  |  |  | between sorts *= sort*; hardly *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme between they=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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