---
title: Pivi was a cheery little bird that chirps at sunset; Kabo was an ugl… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Pivi was a cheery little bird that chirps at sunset; Kabo was an ugly black fowl that croaks in the darkness. Who acts: Pivi, cheery little bird, Kabo, ugly black fowl. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/19/44/)

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# The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 19, sentence 44

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Pivi was a cheery little bird that chirps at sunset; Kabo was an ugly black fowl that croaks in the darkness.

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**Who acts:** Pivi, cheery little bird, Kabo, ugly black fowl · **What happens:** be, chirp, croak · **To what, where:** cheery little bird, ugly black fowl, darkness

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This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pivi, cheery little bird, Kabo, ugly black fowl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:19:44
# text = Pivi was a cheery little bird that chirps at sunset; Kabo was an ugly black fowl that croaks in the darkness.
1	Pivi	Pivi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	cheery	cheery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	chirps	chirp	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
12	Kabo	Kabo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	croaks	croak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Pivi | a cheery little bird and a ugly black fowl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **chirp** | present | a cheery little bird and a ugly black fowl |  |  |  | sunset |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Kabo | a ugly black fowl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **croak** | present | a ugly black fowl |  |  | the darkness |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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