---
title: “By whom?” cried the king, starting up from his throne; “which of th… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “By whom?” cried the king, starting up from his throne; “which of the princes may I claim as my son-in-law?” Who acts: king. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 25, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 25, sentence 44

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“By whom?” cried the king, starting up from his throne; “which of the princes may I claim as my son-in-law?”

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**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** cry, start up, claim · **To what, where:** throne · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:25:44
# text = “By whom?” cried the king, starting up from his throne; “which of the princes may I claim as my son-in-law?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	claim	claim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **start up** | gerund | the king *not said here* |  |  | king's throne |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **claim** *speech: other* *in a quote* | may | the king *= king* |  |  |  |  | as my son in law | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent which=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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