---
title: By-and-by he met a Lapp driving his team of reindeer along the road,… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: By-and-by he met a Lapp driving his team of reindeer along the road, and as he drew near, the fox rattled the bones gaily. Who acts: fox. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 27, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 27, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By-and-by he met a Lapp driving his team of reindeer along the road, and as he drew near, the fox rattled the bones gaily.

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**Who acts:** fox · **What happens:** meet, drive, draw, rattle · **To what, where:** Lapp, team, road, bones

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This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:27:12
# text = By-and-by he met a Lapp driving his team of reindeer along the road, and as he drew near, the fox rattled the bones gaily.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Lapp	Lapp	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	along	along	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
23	near	near	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	rattled	rattle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
30	gaily	gaily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | fox | a Lapp |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lapp=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **drive** | gerund | fox *not said here* | fox's team of reindeer |  | the road |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent team=Theme along road=Trajectory |
| 3 | **draw** | past | fox |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **rattle** | past | the fox | the bones |  |  |  | gaily *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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