---
title: But the next time he ventured above ground, what was his surprise to… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But the next time he ventured above ground, what was his surprise to find everything changed! Who acts: thing, ground, everything. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 30, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 30, sentence 98

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But the next time he ventured above ground, what was his surprise to find everything changed!

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**Who acts:** thing, ground, everything · **What happens:** venture, be, find, change · **To what, where:** ground, surprise, everything

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This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thing, ground, everything), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:30:98
# text = But the next time he ventured above ground, what was his surprise to find everything changed!
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	ventured	venture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	_
16	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	15	obj	_	_
17	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **venture** | past | thing |  |  | ground | time |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | ground | thing's surprise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **find** | to-infinitive | thing *not said here* | everything |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent everything=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 4 | **change** | participle | everything *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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