---
title: Beyond them flowed a little brook, into which a waterfall leapt from… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Beyond them flowed a little brook, into which a waterfall leapt from a high rock, filling the air with its pleasant sound, and making a coolness even in the sultry noontide. Who acts: companions, little brook. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 31, with i
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 31, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beyond them flowed a little brook, into which a waterfall leapt from a high rock, filling the air with its pleasant sound, and making a coolness even in the sultry noontide.

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**Who acts:** companions, little brook · **What happens:** flow, leapt, fill, make · **To what, where:** little brook, high rock, air, coolness, sultry noontide

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This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (companions, little brook), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:31:3
# text = Beyond them flowed a little brook, into which a waterfall leapt from a high rock, filling the air with its pleasant sound, and making a coolness even in the sultry noontide.
1	Beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flowed	flow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	brook	brook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	waterfall	waterfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	leapt	leapt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	filling	fill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	pleasant	pleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	coolness	coolness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	even	even	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	sultry	sultry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	noontide	noontide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | past | companions *= companion* | a little brook |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location brook=Theme |
| 2 | **leapt** |  | a little brook |  |  | a high rock |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fill** | gerund | companions *= companion* *not said here* | the air |  |  |  | with air's pleasant sound | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent air=Patient with sound=Instrument |
| 4 | **make** | gerund | companions *= companion* *not said here* | a coolness |  | the sultry noontide |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset coolness=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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