---
title: The gnome, who had secretly been keeping an eye upon them, was very… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: The gnome, who had secretly been keeping an eye upon them, was very pleased with himself for having so well understood the heart of a woman; and the princess seemed to him even more charming than before. Who acts: gnome, princess. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy 
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 31, sentence 50

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gnome, who had secretly been keeping an eye upon them, was very pleased with himself for having so well understood the heart of a woman; and the princess seemed to him even more charming than before.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gnome, princess · **What happens:** keep, be, have, seem, charm · **To what, where:** eye, gnome

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gnome, princess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:31:50
# text = The gnome, who had secretly been keeping an eye upon them, was very pleased with himself for having so well understood the heart of a woman; and the princess seemed to him even more charming than before.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gnome	gnome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux	_	_
8	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	very	very	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	obl	_	_
19	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	_
23	understood	understood	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obl	_	_
36	even	even	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	38	advmod	_	_
38	charming	charm	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	xcomp	_	_
39	than	than	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	before	before	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past · perfect · progressive | the gnome | a eye |  |  |  | upon Brunhilda; secretly *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent eye=Theme upon they=Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | the gnome |  |  |  |  | with gnome; pleased *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | the gnome *not said here* |  |  |  |  | understood the heart of a woman; well *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **seem** | past | the princess |  | gnome |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **charm** | gerund | the princess *not said here* |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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