---
title: He had no relations, but lived all by himself in a little mud hut so… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He had no relations, but lived all by himself in a little mud hut some distance from any town, and made his living by cutting grass in the jungle, and selling it as fodder for horses. Who acts: man. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 1, wi
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 1, sentence 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had no relations, but lived all by himself in a little mud hut some distance from any town, and made his living by cutting grass in the jungle, and selling it as fodder for horses.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** have, live, make, cut, sell · **To what, where:** relations, little mud hut, living, grass, jungle

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:34:2
# text = He had no relations, but lived all by himself in a little mud hut some distance from any town, and made his living by cutting grass in the jungle, and selling it as fodder for horses.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	all	all	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
17	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
20	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
27	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
28	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	as	as	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	fodder	fodder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
38	for	for	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | man | no relations |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relation=Patient |
| 2 | **live** | past | man *not said here* |  |  | a little mud hut |  | by man | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hut=Location |
| 3 | **make** | past | man *not said here* | man's living |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset living=Product |
| 4 | **cut** | gerund | man *not said here* | grass |  | the jungle |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset grass=Product |
| 5 | **sell** | gerund | man *not said here* | grass |  |  |  | as fodder; for horses | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent it=Theme for horse=Asset |
| 6 | **live** |  | man |  |  |  |  |  | nom living «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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