---
title: When the merchant arrived he found the poor old man eating his eveni… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: When the merchant arrived he found the poor old man eating his evening meal of onions and dry bread, and when he told him of all that had happened he had not the heart to proceed to load him with the reproaches which rose to his tongue. Who acts: merchant, king, poor old man, all. A sentence of «The
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 1, sentence 82

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the merchant arrived he found the poor old man eating his evening meal of onions and dry bread, and when he told him of all that had happened he had not the heart to proceed to load him with the reproaches which rose to his tongue.

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**Who acts:** merchant, king, poor old man, all, reproaches · **What happens:** arrive, find, eat, tell, happen, have · **To what, where:** poor old man, evening meal, man, heart, king, tongue · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant, king, poor old man, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:34:82
# text = When the merchant arrived he found the poor old man eating his evening meal of onions and dry bread, and when he told him of all that had happened he had not the heart to proceed to load him with the reproaches which rose to his tongue.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	onions	onion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	iobj	_	_
26	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
27	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	30	nsubj	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	ccomp	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	parataxis	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
37	proceed	proceed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	acl	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	load	load	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	xcomp	_	_
40	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	with	with	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	reproaches	reproach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	_
44	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	45	nsubj	_	_
45	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	acl:relcl	_	_
46	to	to	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	48	nmod:poss	_	_
48	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | past | the merchant |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | past | king | the poor old man |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Topic |
| 3 | **eat** | gerund | the poor old man *not said here* | king's evening meal of onions and dry bread |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meal=Patient |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | king |  | man |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **happen** | past · perfect | all |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **have** | past | king | the heart |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 7 | **proceed** | to-infinitive | king *not said here* | the heart *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 8 | **load** | to-infinitive | king *not said here* |  | king |  |  | with the reproaches | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Destination with reproach=Theme |
| 9 | **rise** | past | the reproaches |  |  | king's tongue |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to tongue=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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