---
title: Once upon a time there lived an old cobbler who worked hard at his t… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Once upon a time there lived an old cobbler who worked hard at his trade from morning till night, and scarcely gave himself a moment to eat. Who acts: old cobbler, cobbler. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 4, with its dependency tree and
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 4, sentence 67

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once upon a time there lived an old cobbler who worked hard at his trade from morning till night, and scarcely gave himself a moment to eat.

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**Who acts:** old cobbler, cobbler · **What happens:** live, work, give, eat, trade · **To what, where:** old cobbler, cobbler

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This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Story of Wali Dâd the Simple-Hearted, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old cobbler, cobbler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:37:67
# text = Once upon a time there lived an old cobbler who worked hard at his trade from morning till night, and scarcely gave himself a moment to eat.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cobbler	cobbler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	till	till	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
24	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	23	iobj	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a old cobbler |  | there | time | once *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme cobbler=Location |
| 2 | **work** | past | a old cobbler |  |  |  | morning; night | at cobbler's trade; hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at trade=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | past |  |  | cobbler |  | moment | scarcely *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 4 | **eat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **trade** |  | cobbler |  |  |  |  |  | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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