---
title: When he came to the killing of the negroes, he said to the one who s… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: When he came to the killing of the negroes, he said to the one who stood before them: “You, too, were present.” Who acts: Prince, one. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 6, sentence 40

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When he came to the killing of the negroes, he said to the one who stood before them: “You, too, were present.”

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**Who acts:** Prince, one · **What happens:** come, say, stand, be, kill · **To what, where:** killing, one, negroes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:6:40
# text = When he came to the killing of the negroes, he said to the one who stood before them: “You, too, were present.”
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	negroes	negro	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	before	before	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
24	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Prince |  |  | the killing of the negroes |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to killing=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Prince |  | the one |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to one=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stand** | past | the one |  |  |  | before people |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before they=Location |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  | present *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **kill** |  |  | the negroes |  |  |  |  | nom killing «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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