---
title: He lifted his left arm where the gold was, and she picked up a knife… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He lifted his left arm where the gold was, and she picked up a knife and scraped his skin so that no gold should be left sticking to it. Who acts: ball, gold, woman. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 7, sentence 37

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He lifted his left arm where the gold was, and she picked up a knife and scraped his skin so that no gold should be left sticking to it.

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**Who acts:** ball, gold, woman · **What happens:** lift, be, pick up, scrape, leave, stick · **To what, where:** left arm, knife, skin, gold

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This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ball, gold, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg3282:7:37
# text = He lifted his left arm where the gold was, and she picked up a knife and scraped his skin so that no gold should be left sticking to it.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	scraped	scrape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	27	mark	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	24	det	_	_
24	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	_
28	sticking	stick	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	xcomp	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | past | ball | ball's left arm |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | past | the gold |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pick up** | past | woman | a knife |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Topic |
| 4 | **scrape** | past | woman *not said here* | ball's skin |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
| 5 | **leave** | should · passive |  | no gold |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **stick** | gerund | no gold *not said here* |  | knife |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to it=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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