--- title: The youths had all ceased to be afraid, when they were startled by a… — The Brown Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: The youths had all ceased to be afraid, when they were startled by a low rushing sound behind them, and, looking round, saw that the pool was slowly rising, and the spot where they had landed the Bunyip was quite covered. Who acts: low rushing sound, pool, tops. A sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/8/93/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Brown Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/) / [The Brown Fairy Book, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/8/) / 93 # The Brown Fairy Book, The Brown Fairy Book, part 8, sentence 93 The youths had all ceased to be afraid, when they were startled by a low rushing sound behind them, and, looking round, saw that the pool was slowly rising, and the spot where they had landed the Bunyip was quite covered. **Who acts:** low rushing sound, pool, tops · **What happens:** cease, be, startle, rush, look round, see · **To what, where:** youths, tops, Bunyip This is a sentence of «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Brown Fairy Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (low rushing sound, pool, tops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg3282:8:93 # text = The youths had all ceased to be afraid, when they were startled by a low rushing sound behind them, and, looking round, saw that the pool was slowly rising, and the spot where they had landed the Bunyip was quite covered. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 youths youth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 all all ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 ceased cease VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 7 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 8 cop _ _ 8 afraid afraid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 13 advmod _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 12 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 startled startle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 parataxis _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 16 low low ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 17 rushing rush VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 amod _ _ 18 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 19 behind behind ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 looking look VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 25 round round ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 28 that that SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 pool pool NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 31 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 33 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 spot spot NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 38 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 41 advmod _ _ 39 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 40 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 41 landed land VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 37 acl:relcl _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 Bunyip bunyip NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj:pass _ _ 44 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 46 aux:pass _ _ 45 quite quite ADV RB _ 46 advmod _ _ 46 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 41 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 47 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cease** | past · perfect · passive | | the youths | | | | the spot *obl*; all *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality | | 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | | | | | | afraid *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **startle** | past · passive | a low rushing sound behind mountains | tops *= top* | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | | 4 | **rush** | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **look round** | gerund | | | | | | round *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 6 | **see** | past | a low rushing sound behind mountains *not said here* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **rise** | past · progressive | the pool | | | | | slowly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **land** | past · perfect | tops *= top* | | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **cover** | past · passive | | the Bunyip | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Brown Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 3282 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 92](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/8/92/) - next →: [sentence 94](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/8/94/) - ↑ back to [The Brown Fairy Book, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg3282/8/)