---
title: Suddenly raising up his head Patkasa's black eyes twinkled as he ask… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Suddenly raising up his head Patkasa's black eyes twinkled as he asked: “Oh, you really say so?” Who acts: Iktomi, you. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Turtle, sentence 14

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Suddenly raising up his head Patkasa's black eyes twinkled as he asked: “Oh, you really say so?”

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**Who acts:** Iktomi, you · **What happens:** raise up, twinkle, ask, say · **To what, where:** head, black eyes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:10:14
# text = Suddenly raising up his head Patkasa's black eyes twinkled as he asked: “Oh, you really say so?”
1	Suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	raising	raise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	Patkasa	Patkasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
10	twinkled	twinkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
15	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	20	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	really	really	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise up** | gerund |  | Iktomi's head |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **twinkle** | participle |  | Patkasa's black eyes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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