---
title: Patkasa, with doubled fists, swung his fat arms to and fro, all the… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Patkasa, with doubled fists, swung his fat arms to and fro, all the while biting hard his under lip. Who acts: Patkasa, while. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Turtle, sentence 24

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Patkasa, with doubled fists, swung his fat arms to and fro, all the while biting hard his under lip.

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**Who acts:** Patkasa, while · **What happens:** double, swing, fro, bite · **To what, where:** fat arms, lip

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Patkasa, while), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:10:24
# text = Patkasa, with doubled fists, swung his fat arms to and fro, all the while biting hard his under lip.
1	Patkasa	Patkasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	doubled	double	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	fists	fist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	fro	fro	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	biting	bite	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
19	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	under	under	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	lip	lip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **double** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **swing** | past | Patkasa and doubled fists | Patkasa's fat arms |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |
| 3 | **fro** | infinitive | Patkasa and doubled fists *not said here* |  |  |  | while |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bite** | gerund | all while *not said here* | Patkasa's lip |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lip=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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