---
title: It was too late now to say no. Patkasa was more afraid of being call… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: It was too late now to say no. Patkasa was more afraid of being called a coward than of losing the deer. Who acts: It, Patkasa. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Turtle, sentence 26

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It was too late now to say no. Patkasa was more afraid of being called a coward than of losing the deer.

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**Who acts:** It, Patkasa · **What happens:** be, call, lose · **To what, where:** coward, deer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, Patkasa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:10:26
# text = It was too late now to say no. Patkasa was more afraid of being called a coward than of losing the deer.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	no.	no.	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	Patkasa	Patkasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	_
12	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	xcomp	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	coward	coward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	xcomp	_	_
18	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *speech: assert* | past | It |  |  |  | now | late, say *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | Patkasa |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | gerund · passive | Patkasa *not said here* | a coward |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **lose** | gerund | Patkasa *not said here* | the deer |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deer=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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