---
title: Scarcely had it become leveled and smooth than there bubbled up many… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Scarcely had it become leveled and smooth than there bubbled up many black spots. Who acts: Scarcely, water. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Turtle, sentence 64

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Scarcely had it become leveled and smooth than there bubbled up many black spots.

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**Who acts:** Scarcely, water · **What happens:** have, become, level, bubble up · **To what, where:** water

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scarcely, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:10:64
# text = Scarcely had it become leveled and smooth than there bubbled up many black spots.
1	Scarcely	Scarcely	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
5	leveled	level	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	bubbled	bubble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Scarcely | water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | participle | water *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **level** | participle | water *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **bubble up** | participle |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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