---
title: In a large willow tree leaning far over the water he sat upon a larg… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: In a large willow tree leaning far over the water he sat upon a large limb. Who acts: large willow tree, Patkasa. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Turtle, sentence 72

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In a large willow tree leaning far over the water he sat upon a large limb.

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**Who acts:** large willow tree, Patkasa · **What happens:** lean, sit · **To what, where:** water, large limb

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iktomi and the Turtle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (large willow tree, Patkasa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:10:72
# text = In a large willow tree leaning far over the water he sat upon a large limb.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	willow	willow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	limb	limb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | gerund | a large willow tree *not said here* |  |  | the water |  | far *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over water=Location |
| 2 | **sit** | past | Patkasa | the water *not said here* |  | a large limb |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent water=Theme upon limb=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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