---
title: Leaning on one hand and softly whispering a little lullaby, she thre… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Leaning on one hand and softly whispering a little lullaby, she threw a light cover over her baby. Who acts: babe. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 10

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Leaning on one hand and softly whispering a little lullaby, she threw a light cover over her baby.

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**Who acts:** babe · **What happens:** lean, whisper, throw · **To what, where:** one hand, little lullaby, light cover, baby

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (babe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:12:10
# text = Leaning on one hand and softly whispering a little lullaby, she threw a light cover over her baby.
1	Leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	whispering	whisper	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lullaby	lullaby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | gerund | babe *not said here* |  |  | one hand |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hand=Location |
| 2 | **whisper** *speech: assert* | gerund | babe *not said here* | a little lullaby |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lullaby=Topic |
| 3 | **throw** | past | babe | a light cover |  | babe's baby |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent cover=Theme over baby=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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