---
title: She had heard the wailing human voice and marveled at the throat whi… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: She had heard the wailing human voice and marveled at the throat which produced the strange sound. Who acts: pair, throat. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 65

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had heard the wailing human voice and marveled at the throat which produced the strange sound.

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**Who acts:** pair, throat · **What happens:** hear, wail, marvel, produce · **To what, where:** wailing human voice, throat, strange sound

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pair, throat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:12:65
# text = She had heard the wailing human voice and marveled at the throat which produced the strange sound.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	wailing	wail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
6	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	marveled	marvel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	produced	produce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past · perfect | pair | the wailing human voice |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |
| 2 | **wail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **marvel** | participle | pair *not said here* |  |  | the throat |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **produce** | past | the throat | the strange sound |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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