---
title: Reaching and kicking upward with his tiny hands and feet, he played… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Reaching and kicking upward with his tiny hands and feet, he played with the dangling strings of his heavy-beaded bonnet hanging empty on a tent pole above him. Who acts: boy, heavy beaded bonnet. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 7

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Reaching and kicking upward with his tiny hands and feet, he played with the dangling strings of his heavy-beaded bonnet hanging empty on a tent pole above him.

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**Who acts:** boy, heavy beaded bonnet · **What happens:** reach, kick, play, bead, hang · **To what, where:** tent pole

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, heavy beaded bonnet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:12:7
# text = Reaching and kicking upward with his tiny hands and feet, he played with the dangling strings of his heavy-beaded bonnet hanging empty on a tent pole above him.
1	Reaching	reach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	kicking	kick	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	dangling	dangling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	strings	string	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
20	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	beaded	bead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	_
23	bonnet	bonnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
24	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	acl	_	_
25	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	xcomp	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	pole	pole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
30	above	above	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | gerund | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kick** | gerund | boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with boy's tiny hands and feet; upward *property* | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with hand=Instrument |
| 3 | **play** | past | boy |  |  |  |  | with the dangling strings of boy's heavy beaded bonnet | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with string=Theme |
| 4 | **bead** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 5 | **hang** | gerund | boy's heavy beaded bonnet *not said here* |  |  | a tent pole above boy |  | empty *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on pole=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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