---
title: Having shrieked in a torturing voice and mouthed extravagant names,… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Having shrieked in a torturing voice and mouthed extravagant names, the old toad rolled her tearless eyes with great satisfaction. Who acts: old toad. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 72

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Having shrieked in a torturing voice and mouthed extravagant names, the old toad rolled her tearless eyes with great satisfaction.

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**Who acts:** old toad · **What happens:** shriek, mouth, roll · **To what, where:** torturing voice, extravagant names, tearless eyes

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old toad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:12:72
# text = Having shrieked in a torturing voice and mouthed extravagant names, the old toad rolled her tearless eyes with great satisfaction.
1	Having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux	_	_
2	shrieked	shriek	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	torturing	torturing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	mouthed	mouth	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	extravagant	extravagant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
16	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	tearless	tearless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shriek** | gerund · perfect |  |  |  | a torturing voice |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in voice=Location |
| 2 | **mouth** | past |  | extravagant names |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **roll** | past | the old toad | mother's tearless eyes |  |  |  | with great satisfaction | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent eye=Patient with satisfaction=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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