---
title: The toad mother said within her breast, “The human child has heard a… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The toad mother said within her breast, “The human child has heard and seen his real mother. Who acts: toad mother, human child. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 80

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The toad mother said within her breast, “The human child has heard and seen his real mother.

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**Who acts:** toad mother, human child · **What happens:** say, hear, see · **To what, where:** real mother · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (toad mother, human child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:12:80
# text = The toad mother said within her breast, “The human child has heard and seen his real mother.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	within	within	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the toad mother |  |  |  |  | within mother's breast | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the human child |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **see** *in a quote* | participle | the human child *not said here* | child's real mother |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mother=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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