---
title: When by chance he started off alone, she shoved out one of her own c… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: When by chance he started off alone, she shoved out one of her own children after him, saying: “Do not come back without your big brother.” Who acts: son, mother. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 88

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When by chance he started off alone, she shoved out one of her own children after him, saying: “Do not come back without your big brother.”

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**Who acts:** son, mother · **What happens:** start off, shove out, say, not come back · **To what, where:** one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:12:88
# text = When by chance he started off alone, she shoved out one of her own children after him, saying: “Do not come back without your big brother.”
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	shoved	shove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
17	after	after	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
26	back	back	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	without	without	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
29	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start off** | past | son |  |  |  |  | by chance; alone *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **shove out** | past | mother | one of mother's own children after son |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | mother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **not** **come back** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  | without your big brother | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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