---
title: At once the unhappy father and mother cried out, “'Tis he, our boy!” — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: At once the unhappy father and mother cried out, “'Tis he, our boy!” Who acts: unhappy father, Tis. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 96

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At once the unhappy father and mother cried out, “'Tis he, our boy!”

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**Who acts:** unhappy father, Tis · **What happens:** cry out, boy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (unhappy father, Tis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:12:96
# text = At once the unhappy father and mother cried out, “'Tis he, our boy!”
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Tis	Tis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | the unhappy father and mother |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Location |
| 2 | **boy** *in a quote* |  | Tis |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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