---
title: “'Tis he! 'tis he!” cried the mother, for she knew him. — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: “'Tis he! 'tis he!” cried the mother, for she knew him. Who acts: Tis, Tis tis, mother. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Toad and the Boy, sentence 99

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“'Tis he! 'tis he!” cried the mother, for she knew him.

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**Who acts:** Tis, Tis tis, mother · **What happens:** tis, cry, know · **To what, where:** mother, Tis · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Toad and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tis, Tis tis, mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:12:99
# text = “'Tis he! 'tis he!” cried the mother, for she knew him.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Tis	Tis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	tis	tis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
11	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tis** *in a quote* |  | Tis |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Tis tis | the mother |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Topic |
| 3 | **know** | past | mother | Tis |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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