---
title: Placing an ear close to the open baby mouth, the chieftain and his w… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Placing an ear close to the open baby mouth, the chieftain and his wife, each in turn heard the voices of a great camp. Who acts: each. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iya, the Camp-eater, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iya, the Camp-eater, sentence 84

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Placing an ear close to the open baby mouth, the chieftain and his wife, each in turn heard the voices of a great camp.

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**Who acts:** each · **What happens:** place, hear · **To what, where:** ear, voices

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iya, the Camp-eater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (each), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:13:84
# text = Placing an ear close to the open baby mouth, the chieftain and his wife, each in turn heard the voices of a great camp.
1	Placing	place	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	chieftain	chieftain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
17	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	nsubj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	voices	voice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | gerund | each *not said here* | a ear |  |  |  | close *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent ear=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | past | each | the voices of a great camp |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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