---
title: At midnight the teepees were gone and there was left no sign of the… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: At midnight the teepees were gone and there was left no sign of the village save heaps of dead ashes. Who acts: teepees, sign. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iya, the Camp-eater, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Iya, the Camp-eater, sentence 96

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At midnight the teepees were gone and there was left no sign of the village save heaps of dead ashes.

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**Who acts:** teepees, sign · **What happens:** be, leave, save · **To what, where:** sign, heaps

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Iya, the Camp-eater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teepees, sign), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:13:96
# text = At midnight the teepees were gone and there was left no sign of the village save heaps of dead ashes.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	teepees	teepee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
16	save	save	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the teepees |  |  |  | midnight | gone *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | past · passive | the teepees *not said here* | no sign |  | there |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: sign=Theme |
| 3 | **save** | present | no sign *not said here* | heaps of dead ashes |  |  |  | of the village | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heap=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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