---
title: The old grandfather crept into his wigwam, which is often mistaken f… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The old grandfather crept into his wigwam, which is often mistaken for a mere oak tree by little Indian girls and boys. Who acts: old grandfather, little Indian girls. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Manstin, the Rabbit, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Manstin, the Rabbit, sentence 101

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The old grandfather crept into his wigwam, which is often mistaken for a mere oak tree by little Indian girls and boys.

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**Who acts:** old grandfather, little Indian girls · **What happens:** creep, mistake · **To what, where:** wigwam

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Manstin, the Rabbit. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old grandfather, little Indian girls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:14:101
# text = The old grandfather crept into his wigwam, which is often mistaken for a mere oak tree by little Indian girls and boys.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	mistaken	mistake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	mere	mere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:agent	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **creep** | past | the old grandfather |  |  | grandfather's wigwam |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into wigwam=Destination |
| 2 | **mistake** | present · passive | little Indian girls and boys | grandfather's wigwam |  |  |  | for a oak tree; often *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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