---
title: “Henceforth we are friends, to help each other,” said Manstin, shaki… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: “Henceforth we are friends, to help each other,” said Manstin, shaking a right hand in farewell. Who acts: we, friends, Manstin. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Manstin, the Rabbit, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, Manstin, the Rabbit, sentence 30

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“Henceforth we are friends, to help each other,” said Manstin, shaking a right hand in farewell.

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**Who acts:** we, friends, Manstin · **What happens:** be, help, say, shake · **To what, where:** friends, each, right hand, farewell · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Manstin, the Rabbit. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, friends, Manstin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:14:30
# text = “Henceforth we are friends, to help each other,” said Manstin, shaking a right hand in farewell.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Henceforth	henceforth	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	8	obj	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	Manstin	Manstin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	shaking	shake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	farewell	farewell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | we | friends |  |  |  | henceforth *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | friends | each |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Manstin |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **shake** | gerund | Manstin *not said here* | a right hand |  | farewell |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent hand=Theme in farewell=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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