---
title: He struck his knife upward in the Eater's stomach, and the water fal… — Old Indian Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He struck his knife upward in the Eater's stomach, and the water falling out drowned those people of the village. Who acts: Iktomi, water. A sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Warlike Seven, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Old Indian Legends, The Warlike Seven, sentence 73

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He struck his knife upward in the Eater's stomach, and the water falling out drowned those people of the village.

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**Who acts:** Iktomi, water · **What happens:** strike, fall out, drown · **To what, where:** knife, stomach, water

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This is a sentence of «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, The Warlike Seven. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iktomi, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg338:15:73
# text = He struck his knife upward in the Eater's stomach, and the water falling out drowned those people of the village.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Eater	Eater	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	out	out	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	drowned	drown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
18	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past | Iktomi | Iktomi's knife |  | the Eater's stomach |  | upward *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Patient |
| 2 | **fall out** | gerund | the water *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **drown** | participle · passive |  | the water |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Patient people=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Old Indian Legends» by Zitkala-Sa, Project Gutenberg book 338 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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